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Incoterms: Terms & delivery conditions for international trade



Cost & Freight

> The delivery of goods to the named port of destination (discharge) at the seller`s expense Buyer is responsible for the cargo insurance and other costs and risks The term CFR was formerly written as C&F Many importers and exporters worldwide still use the term C&F In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym CFR, for example CFR Karachi and CFR AlexandriaUnder the rules of the INCOTERMS 1990, the term Cost and Freight is used for ocean freight only However, in practice, the term Cost and Freight (C&F) is still commonly used in the air freight


Cost, Insurance and Freight

> The cargo insurance and delivery of goods to the named port of destination (discharge) at the seller`s expense Buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and other costs and risks In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym CIF, for example CIF Pusan and CIF SingaporeUnder the rules of the INCOTERMS 1990, the term CIF is used for ocean freight only However, in practice, many importers and exporters still use the term CIF in the air freight


Carriage paid to

The delivery of goods to the named place of destination (discharge) at seller`s expense Buyer assumes the cargo insurance, import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks In the export quotation, indicate the place of destination (discharge) after the acronym CPT


Carriage and Insurance Paid

> The delivery of goods and the cargo insurance to the named place of destination (discharge) at seller`s expense Buyer assumes the import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks In the export quotation, indicate the place of destination (discharge) after the acronym CIP


Delivered at Frontier

> DAF > The delivery of goods to the specified point at the frontier at seller`s expense Buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks In the export quotation, indicate the point at frontier (discharge) after the acronym DAF


Delivered Es Ship

> DES > A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a buyer at an agreed port of arrival The seller remains responsible for the goods until they are delivered Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters It includes details like the time and place of delivery, payment when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms They are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Incoterms are often identical in form to domestic terms (such as the American Uniform Commercial Code), but have different meanings As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms It`s important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term


Delivered Duty Unpaid

> DDU > The seller’s obligation is fulfilled when the goods have been made available to the buyer at the named place of destination – uncleared for importation The buyer is responsible for all costs and risks associated with the goods upon importation at the named place of destination The seller is required to arrange for the entire contract of carriage (pre-carriage, main-carriage, on-carriage) to the named place of destination The seller is required to arrange for the export clearance of the goods The buyer is responsible for the import clearance of the goods, including the payment of any applicable duties, taxes and fees


Delivered Duty Paid

> DDP > The seller’s obligation is fulfilled when the goods have been made available to the buyer at the named place of destination – cleared for importation The buyer is responsible to take delivery of the goods from the named place of destination The seller is required to arrange for the entire contract of carriage (pre-carriage, main-carriage, on-carriage) to the named place of destination The seller is required to arrange for the export clearance of the goods The seller is required to arrange for the import clearance of the goods, including the payment of any applicable duties, taxes and fees


Ex Works

A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods at his or her own place of business All other transportation costs and risks are assumed by the buyer Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that outline matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, the time when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and the party who pays the costs of freight and insurance The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms It`s important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is complicated and differs by country It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term


Free Carrier

A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named airport, terminal, or other place where the carrier operates Costs for transportation and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after delivery to the carrier When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms It`s important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country It is recommended that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term


Free Alongside Ship

A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named port alongside a vessel designated by the buyer "Alongside" means that the goods are within reach of a ship`s lifting tackle When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms It`s important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term


Free On Board

A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods on board a vessel designated by the buyer The seller fulfills its obligations to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship`s rail When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrierContracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, as well as who pays the costs of freight and insurance The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms It`s important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term